tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37018925855750057982024-02-20T04:54:28.281-08:00REPUBLIC DAYNaresh Kadyanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08419516306288297445noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3701892585575005798.post-30960385220151549842008-01-25T17:39:00.001-08:002008-01-25T17:39:13.288-08:00<a href="http://www.care2.com/news/member/374874447/615167" style="float: left;"><div class="news_thumbnail_box"> <img src="http://dingo.care2.com/pictures/c2c/share/61/615/516/615167_140.jpg" border="0" width="93" /></div> <!-- end new_item_thumbnail.tpl --></a> <a id="feed_title-615167" class="feed_title" href="http://www.care2.com/news/member/374874447/615167">REPUBLIC DAY IN INDIA - NARESH KADYAN</a>Naresh Kadyanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08419516306288297445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3701892585575005798.post-22795709465990871722008-01-25T17:36:00.000-08:002008-01-25T17:37:00.905-08:00<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:130%;"><a href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080126/main1.htm">India, France take N-step forward<br /> </a></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:78%;"><img src="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080126/ind5.jpg" alt="France's President Nicolas Sarkozy reviews troops at Rashtrapati Bhawan on Friday." align="right" border="1" /></span>Naresh Kadyanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08419516306288297445noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3701892585575005798.post-72080538839727606582008-01-25T09:03:00.000-08:002008-01-25T09:05:44.818-08:00<h1 class="firstHeading">Republic Day</h1> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3><br /><div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 262px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Festa_della_republica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg" class="image" title="Frecce tricolori at the Festa della Repubblica in Italy, 2nd of June 2005."><img alt="Frecce tricolori at the Festa della Repubblica in Italy, 2nd of June 2005." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Festa_della_republica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg/260px-Festa_della_republica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg" class="thumbimage" border="0" height="195" width="260" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Festa_della_republica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecce_tricolori" title="Frecce tricolori">Frecce tricolori</a> at the Festa della Repubblica in Italy, 2nd of June 2005.</div> </div> </div> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="January_9th_in_Republika_Srpska.2C_BiH" id="January_9th_in_Republika_Srpska.2C_BiH"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">January 9th in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiH" title="BiH">BiH</a></span></h2> <p>After Yugoslavia fall apart, Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to stay with Serbia and Montenegro. Croats and Muslims wanted to create an independent state of BiH. On 9th January 1992, Bosnian Serb authorities declared creation of Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which later changed name into Republika Srpska (Republic of Srpska, Serb Republic). Since that day, Republic of Srpska celebrates that day as a Republic Day.</p> <p><a name="January_26th_in_India" id="January_26th_in_India"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">January 26th in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:India.Military.02.jpg" class="image" title="Soldiers of the Madras Regiment during the annual Republic Day Parade in 2004."><img alt="Soldiers of the Madras Regiment during the annual Republic Day Parade in 2004." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/India.Military.02.jpg/250px-India.Military.02.jpg" class="thumbimage" border="0" height="188" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify" style="float: right;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:India.Military.02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Soldiers of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras_Regiment" title="Madras Regiment">Madras Regiment</a> during the annual Republic Day Parade in 2004.</div> </div> </div> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> came into force, and India declared itself as a "Republic" on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>, a date thereafter celebrated annually as <b>Republic Day</b> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The Constitution had been drafted by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly" title="Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a> which was set up when India gained its independence from the British in 1947. This, in fact, was a deliberate act: the 26th of January was initially India's "Independence Day", one of Mahatma Gandhi's many symbolic acts during India's struggle for freedom against British colonial rule, and the adoption of the Constitution on this date was felt able to strengthen its initial meaning, one calling for Indians of all ages to declare their freedom from the British Raj. It is one of three <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidays_in_India" title="Holidays in India">national holidays</a> in India, the other two being the nation's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_%28India%29" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> (since 1947) and the birthday of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_K_Gandhi" title="Mohandas K Gandhi">Mohandas K Gandhi</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma" title="Mahatma">Mahatma</a> Gandhi on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a>. And so, after the disposal of the Empire of India, King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="George VI of the United Kingdom">George VI</a> was the last and only "King" of modern India.</p> <p>To mark this occasion, a grand parade is held in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the Capital of India, beginning from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raisina_Hill" title="Raisina Hill">Raisina Hill</a> near the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a> (Presidential Palace), along the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajpath" title="Rajpath">Rajpath</a>, past <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Gate" title="India Gate">India Gate</a> and on to the historic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Fort" title="Delhi Fort">Red Fort</a> in the old quarter of the city. Different infantry, cavalry and mechanized regiments of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> march in formation, decked in all their finery and official decorations. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, who is also the Commander in Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. The Chief Guest of the parade is a Head of State of another nation. The parade also includes many traditional dance troupes, to symbolize the cultural heritage of India. It traditionally ends with a colourful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flypast" title="Flypast">flypast</a> by Air Force jets in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiranga" title="Tiranga">tiranga</a> formation. Similar parades are held in the capitals of all the states of India, where the Governors of the respective states take the salute.</p> <dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_%28India%29" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day (India)</a></i></span></dd></dl> <p><a name="March_23rd_in_Pakistan" id="March_23rd_in_Pakistan"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">March 23rd in Pakistan</span></h2> <p>March 23rd commemorates the date <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarardad-e-Pakistan" title="Qarardad-e-Pakistan">Qarardad-e-Pakistan</a> was approved in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in 1940 and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> became the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic" title="Islamic Republic">Islamic Republic</a> in the world (1956). Therefore Queen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> was the last ruler of Pakistan, having ruled for just over four years as head of state until the Islamic declaration. It is celebrated with parades in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> that involve both military contingents, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Paramilitary_Forces" title="Pakistan Paramilitary Forces">Pakistan Paramilitary Forces</a>, as well as civilian ones.</p> <p><a name="May_28_in_Armenia_and_Azerbaijan" id="May_28_in_Armenia_and_Azerbaijan"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></h2> <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> declared independence from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic" title="Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic">Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic</a>, thus forming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia" title="Democratic Republic of Armenia">Democratic Republic of Armenia</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>. It was the first sovereign <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> in the history of both countries and the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> ever for Azerbaijan). However the holiday was not celebrated during Soviet times, and it only achieved consistency after the collapse of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR" title="USSR">USSR</a>.</p> <p><a name="May_31st_in_South_Africa_.281961-1994.29" id="May_31st_in_South_Africa_.281961-1994.29"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">May 31st in South Africa (1961-1994)</span></h2> <p>Between 1961 and 1994, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> was celebrated in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> as <b>Republic Day</b>. This practice was discontinued in 1995 following the attainment of majority rule and the reorganisation of public holidays as a consequence. On the last Republic Day, in 1994, South Africa rejoined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.</p> <p><a name="June_2nd_in_Italy" id="June_2nd_in_Italy"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">June 2nd in Italy</span></h2> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica" title="Festa della Repubblica">Festa della Repubblica</a> is celebrated on the second day of June, and it commemorates the institutional referendum of 1946 when (by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>) the Italian population was called to decide what form of government (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>) to give to the country after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_world_war" title="Second world war">second world war</a> and the fall of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a>.</p> <p>After 85 years of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">monarchy</a>, with 12,717,923 votes for and 10,719,284 votes against, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Birth of the Italian Republic">Italy became a Republic</a>, and the monarchs of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a> were deposed and exiled. This is one of the most important Italian public holidays which, like July 14th in France and July 4th in the USA, celebrates the birth of the nation. A grand military parade is held in central <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</p> <dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Birth of the Italian Republic">Birth of the Italian Republic</a></i></span></dd></dl> <p><a name="September_24th_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" id="September_24th_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">September 24th in Trinidad and Tobago</span></h2> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> celebrates <b>Republic Day</b> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a>. Trinidad and Tobago became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>, fourteen years after independence from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Since that day was already a holiday (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_Day" title="Discovery Day">Discovery Day</a>, now replaced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a>), the holiday was placed on the birthday of the then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Williams" title="Eric Williams">Eric Williams</a>, although it was officially the date of the first meeting of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago">Parliament</a> under the republican constitution. The holiday was abolished in 1996 to make way for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_Baptist_Liberation_Shouter_Day" title="Spiritual Baptist Liberation Shouter Day">Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day</a>, but was reinstated in 2002.</p> <p><a name="October_5th_in_Portugal" id="October_5th_in_Portugal"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">October 5th in Portugal</span></h2> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> is known as "Implantation of the Republic" (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <span lang="pt" lang="pt"><i>Implantação da República</i></span>). It commemorates the proclamation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_First_Republic" title="Portuguese First Republic">Portuguese First Republic</a> in 1910.</p> <p><a name="October_10th_in_Republic_of_China" id="October_10th_in_Republic_of_China"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">October 10th in Republic of China</span></h2> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> is a national holiday commemorating the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911, the symbolic start of the Chinese revolution with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuchang_uprising" title="Wuchang uprising">Wuchang uprising</a>.</p> <p><a name="October_24th_in_Rhodesia_.281970-1979.29" id="October_24th_in_Rhodesia_.281970-1979.29"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">October 24th in Rhodesia (1970-1979)</span></h2> <p>Although the government of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a> declared <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> (now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>) a republic on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>, it was officially commemorated on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a>. Following independence in 1980, the holiday was abolished.</p> <p><a name="October_25th_in_Kazakhstan" id="October_25th_in_Kazakhstan"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">October 25th in Kazakhstan</span></h2> <p>In the waning days of Soviet rule, individual <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">republics of the Soviet Union</a> sought greater autonomy. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> agreed in early 1990 to give up its monopoly of political power. Following the lead of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuanian SSR</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_SFSR" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> and others, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_SSR" title="Kazakh SSR">Kazakh SSR</a> declared its sovereignty on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> subsequently became independent on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> as the Soviet Union collapsed. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a>, the anniversary of the adoption of the "Declaration on State Sovereignty of Kazakh SSR" by the Kazakh legislature in 1990, is now commemorated as Republic Day (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>: <span lang="kk" lang="kk">Республика күні</span>), a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan#Public_holidays" title="Kazakhstan">public holiday in Kazakhstan</a>.</p> <p><a name="October_29th_in_Turkey" id="October_29th_in_Turkey"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">October 29th in Turkey</span></h2> <p>On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">Turkish constitution</a> was amended and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>. This formally declared the dissolution of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Republic Day is celebrated throughout Turkey every year. Commemorative events usually begin in the afternoon on the previous day.</p> <p><a name="November_29th_in_former_Yugoslavia_.281945-1990.29" id="November_29th_in_former_Yugoslavia_.281945-1990.29"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">November 29th in former Yugoslavia (1945-1990)</span></h2> <p>On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVNOJ" title="AVNOJ">Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> established the foundations of post-war <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_republic" title="Socialist republic">socialist republic</a>, which was officially proclaimed on the same date in 1945. <b>Republic Day</b> (local name: <i>Dan Republike</i> or <i>Дан Републике</i>) marked the occasion two consecutive days, November 29 and 30, and was likely the most important holiday (the other two-day holidays were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>).</p> <p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_school" title="Elementary school">elementary schools</a> first graders were inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Movement" title="Pioneer Movement">Pioneer Movement</a> on or around Republic Day. Employees merged the holiday with weekends and extra days off to form 3-, 4- or even 5-day weekends. Urban dwellers took the occasion to visit their relatives in the country, who marked the event with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_pig" title="Domestic pig">pig</a> slaughter and the ensuing feast.</p> <p>In 1980s, as central and Communist Party authority eroded, dissenters targeted Republic Day celebrations for criticism. In 1987 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a> band <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabranjeno_pu%C5%A1enje" title="Zabranjeno pušenje">Zabranjeno pušenje</a></i> published a song entitled <i>Dan Republike</i>, in which they criticized the state of the economy and protested the general indifference to the ideals behind the holiday. The band needed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">change some of the lyrics</a> before being allowed to air the song.</p> <p>In 1989, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> were the first former federal republics to cease observing the holiday. Other republics followed suit as Yugoslavia dissolved.</p> <p>The date "29.XI.1943" figured prominently on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Coat of arms of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav coat of arms</a>.</p> <p><a name="December_13th_in_Malta" id="December_13th_in_Malta"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">December 13th in Malta</span></h2> <p>On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> was substantially revised, transforming the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" title="Commonwealth Realm">Commonwealth Realm</a> into a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> within the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. This occasion is marked every year as <i>Republic Day</i> in Malta.</p> <p><a name="December_30th_in_Romania_.281948-1989.29" id="December_30th_in_Romania_.281948-1989.29"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">December 30th in Romania (1948-1989)</span></h2> <p><a name="Republic_Day_in_other_countries" id="Republic_Day_in_other_countries"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">Republic Day in other countries</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> (1946)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> (1918, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Armenia" title="Democratic Republic of Armenia">Democratic Republic of Armenia</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> (1918, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> (1991)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> (1958, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Volta" title="Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a> became an autonomous republic in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Community" title="French Community">French Community</a>.)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> (1970)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> (1960)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> (1970, also known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashramani" title="Mashramani">Mashramani</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> Islamic Republic Day</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>: around <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> (1963, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_Day" title="Jamhuri Day">Jamhuri Day</a>.)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> (1920, known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Lithuania" title="Constituent Assembly of Lithuania">Constituent Assembly</a> Day)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> (1958)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> (1948)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">23 March</a> (1956, also referred to as 'Pakistan Day')</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a>, (1961)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a>, (1957)</li></ul>Naresh Kadyanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08419516306288297445noreply@blogger.com0